What is the likely cause of low-pressure and low exhaled volume alarms in a mechanical ventilation scenario?

In a mechanical ventilation scenario, low-pressure and low exhaled volume alarms typically indicate a problem with the connection or integrity of the ventilatory circuit. The most relevant option is a disconnected thermistor line. This component is crucial for accurately measuring the patient's exhaled volume and respiratory parameters. If the thermistor line is disconnected, the ventilator may not receive the necessary feedback about the patient's exhalation, leading to low-pressure alarms due to the perceived lack of flow and low tidal volume.

In contrast, a herniated endotracheal tube cuff would likely lead to an air leak, but it wouldn't necessarily cause an immediate low-pressure alarm in a ventilated setting, as the ventilator might still measure some exhaled volume, albeit inadequately. A kinked endotracheal tube would obstruct airflow, potentially leading to high-pressure alarms due to resistance rather than low pressure. Excess water in the inspiratory limb could cause increased resistance or condensation-related issues, but this scenario usually triggers high-pressure alarms rather than low-pressure alarms.

Therefore, the disconnection of the thermistor line directly affects the monitoring and functionality of the ventilatory system, making it the most plausible explanation for the low-pressure and low exhaled volume alarms