In cases of asthma exacerbation, which medication is typically administered for immediate relief?

During an asthma exacerbation, the primary goal is to achieve immediate relief from bronchospasms and facilitate airflow to the lungs. Short-acting beta agonists (SABAs) are specifically designed for this purpose as they act quickly to relax the smooth muscles in the airways, leading to immediate bronchodilation. This rapid response helps alleviate the acute symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.

SABAs, such as albuterol, are commonly used as rescue inhalers in emergencies. Their mechanism of action involves stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle, which causes relaxation and dilation of the airways. This effect typically occurs within minutes, making them the medication of choice for quick relief during an asthma attack.

While the other medications listed serve crucial roles in asthma management, they do not provide the fast-acting relief that SABAs do. Anticholinergics, while helpful for some patients, are not as rapid in onset for asthma exacerbations. Corticosteroids are effective in reducing inflammation but take several hours to days to exert their effects. Long-acting beta agonists (LABAs) are used for long-term control and prevention rather than immediate symptom relief